Solution – In a top-down IA, an overall vie
of the IA is presented to the user. This overall view provides the links to its
sub-system. This process is continuous, until the entire specification is
reduced to base.
3.
What are some common questions a user has upon
landing on a page on a web site?
Solution –
The user commonly have the following
questions:
• Where am I? – User can easily finds his
location on the website hierarchy.
• I know what I’m looking for, how do I
search for it? – The user can easily make a search for his query.
• How do I get around this site? – User can
easily understand the navigation menu.
• What’s important and unique about this
organisation? – The goals and features of the website.
• What’s available on the site? – Access to
the information on a website.
4.
Explain what is meant by “Bottom-Up IA”. Why is
Bottom-Up IA becoming increasingly important?
Solution – Bottom-up IA provides user the
key to explore a website content without learning the top-down IA of a website.
The user can be on any page of a website, and from there can reach to anywhere
in a website to find relevant content. The user uses tools like Google search
to find the information deep within a website. An example of search could be a
search made through “Google Custom Search”.
Bottom-up IA is becoming increasingly
important because of its following features –
·
Supports searching and browsing capabilities.
·
Descriptive trait
·
Growing trait
·
Adaptive trait
5.
What is an organisation system?
Solution –
Example – By subject or chronologically
Example screenshot – The Figure 1 shows
that the user location on a website.
7.
What is a local navigation system? Provide a
screenshot of an example.
Primary navigation systems that help users
understand where they are and where they can go within a portion of a site.
Figure 2 Local Navigation system
8.
What is a sitemap/table of contents? Provide a
screenshot of an example.
Sitemaps are supplement navigation systems;
provides a condensed overview o and links to major content areas and sub sites.
Example Screenshot –
9. What are site indices? Provide a screenshot of an example.
Solution –
Supplementary navigation systems that
provide an alphabetised list of links to the contents of the site.
Figure 4Site indices
10. What
are site guides? Provide a screenshot of an example.
10.Solution –
– Supplementary navigation systems that
provide specialised information on a specific topic, as well as links to a
related subset of the site’s content
11. What
are site wizards? Provide a screenshot of an example.
11.
Solution -
Supplementary navigation systems that lead users through a sequential set of
steps; may also link to a related subset of the site’s content.
12. What
is a contextual navigation system? Provide a screenshot of an example.
Solution –
Consistently presented links to related
content. Often embedded in text, and generally used to connect highly
specialised content within a site.
13. What
is a search interface? Provide a screenshot of an example.
13.
Solution – The
means of entering and revising a search query, typically with information on
how to improve your query, or other ways to configure your search.
14. What
is a query language? List some Boolean operators and provide examples of
queries using these operators.
14.Solution – Query language is
a grammar of search query. The purpose of query language is to make queries in
database and information system. Example
Boolean operators – AND, OR, NOT etc.
Example queries – SELECT * FROM Countries C WHERE C.NAME = “AUSTRALIA”
AND C.NAME = “CANADA”;
15. What is a query builder?
15.Solution –
Ways of enhancing a query’s performance;
common examples include spell checkers, stemming, concept search, synonyms from
a thesaurus.
16. What
is the purpose of a retrieval algorithm?
Solution – The part of a search engine that
determines which content matches a user’s query. E.g., Google’s PageRank,
Yahoo’s search algorithm etc.
17. What
are search zones?
Solution –Subset of site content that have
been separately indexed to support narrower searching. (E.g. searching an item
on an eBay page or searching chat history with friends on Facebook etc.)
18. What
are search results?
Solution – Display of the content matches
the user query. For example, searching the news article websites on Google
search.
19. In
terms of content, why are headings important?
Solution – Heading serves as the label for
the content, which follows them.
20. What
are embedded links?
Solution – The links integrated within the
content are called embedded links. These labels shows the content they are
linked to.
21. What
is embedded metadata?
Solution - Information that can be used as
metadata but must first be extracted.
(If the certain keyword are used in a blog
post, than those keyword can be indexed to searching by keywords (label tags in
a blog created on blogger.com).
22. In
terms of content, what are chunks?
Solution –
Logical units of content; these can vary in
granularity (Article list and chapter list) and can be nested (E.g. a section
is a part of a blog post or an article.)
23. What
are sequential aids?
Solution – – Clues that suggest where the
user is in a process or task, and how far s/he has to go before completing
it. (Example – step indicator in lodging
an online tax return on ATO website.)
24. What
are identifiers?
Solution –– Clues that suggest where the
user is in an information system, or a breadcrumb explaining where in the site
s/he is. A settings icon on Facebook tells the user that s/he is on settings
page.
25. What
is meant by “invisible components” in IA?
Solution – There are certain key
architectural components which works completely in the background; users rarely
interact with them. These components often called feed components, such as a
thesaurus that’s used to enhance a search query.
26. What
are controlled vocabularies and thesauri?
Solution –
Predetermined vocabularies of preferred
terms that describe a specific domain. Example – Pants -> Man’s pants ->
Dress Pants etc. Typically includes variant items. Man’s pants and Woman pants are variants of
pants.
27. What
is best bets?
Solution –
Preferred search results that are manually
coupled with a search query. Editors and subject matter experts determine which
queries should retrieve best bets and which documents merit best bet status.
28. List
some of the difficulties with organising information.
28.Solution –
Ambiguity – Unclear items.
Heterogeneity - Heterogeneity refers to an
object or collection of objects composed of unrelated or unlike parts.
Differences in Perspectives – users may
have different approach to find an information, so it is a great idea to ensure
that the system combines different approach and come up with the optimum
solution.
29. What
is meant by the term “taxonomy”?
Solution –
A scientific field which is concerned with
how information is classified in regards to the system it belongs to.
30. What
is hierarchy a natural way for humans to organise information?
Solution –
Hierarchy allows the following features to
organise information –
-
Alphabetical
-
Chronological
-
Sequential
-
Geographical
-
Categorical
-
Hierarchy
31. List
some design rules when designing a hierarchical organisation scheme.
Solution –
-
Do not create more than five vertical level in
hierarchy.
-
Obey the 7+- rule horizontally
-
Cross-link ambiguous items it really necessary
-
Keep new sites shallow
-
Always keep balance between breadth and depth
32. Describe
the advantages and disadvantages of a hyper textual organisation structure
Solution –
Advantages –
-
Provide flexibility
-
User knows to come back to that spot if they
need more information.
Disadvantages
-
The user coming to a page in hyper textual
navigation may not hit the landing page of the website. This could confuse user
how the navigation system of that particular website follows.
-
It is not suitable for large websites.
33. What
is social classification?
Solution – Including users in formation of
content creation and classification. Public tags are made available to people.
34. What
is meant by the term “folksonomy”?
Solution – A classification derived
from the practice and method of collaboratively creating and translating tags
to annotate and categorise content
35. Arrange
the following list in alphabetical order then answer the questions below. You
should look to the literature and existing theory to justify your answers.
Solution –
Symbols –
#!%&: Creating Comic
$35 a Day Through Europe
.38 Special
Numbers –
1001 Arabian Nights
Letter A
Albany, New York
Letter B
Books
Letter E
EL Paso, Texas
Letter H
H20: The Beauty of Water
Letter N
New York, New
Newark, New Jersey
Letter P
Plzen, Czech Republic
Letter S
Saint Nicholas
Letter T
The 1-2-3 of Magic
The Hague, Netherlands
The lord of the Rings
Letter X
XVIIme siècle
a) Did you put ‘The Hague’ under T or H?
Why?
Under T, because most of the user would go by
initial letter T.
b) Did you put ‘El Paso’ under E or P? Why?
Under T, because most of the user would go
by initial letter T.
c) Which came first in your list, ‘Newark’
or ‘New York’? Why?
New York’, because after the word “New”
before the word “York”, comes a blank space. Blank space takes precedence in
the alphabetical ordering. So New York comes
First.
d) Does ‘St. Louis’ come before or after
‘Saint Nicholas’? Why?
No, Saint Nicholas’ comes first. Because
right after the “S” comes the “A”, and “A”
Takes precedence over “t” in alphabetical
order
e) How did you handle numbers, punctuation,
and special characters? (Justify your answer.)
All the given data is categorised among
numbers, punctuation, and special character. After categorization, all the data
is listed according to their precedence level.
f) Assuming the italicised terms are book
titles, what might be a more useful way to organise this list? (Justify your
answer.)
For italicized terms, ignore “The”. It is
generally not important in any context. And, after that list the book title names
in alphabetical order.
g) If the cities represent places you’ve
visited and the book titles are ones you’ve read, how could chronology be used
to order the list in a more meaningful way? (Justify your answer.)
Solution - Order the terms by the time at
which you visited or read them.
Figure 9 Timeline organizer
36. Seek
out and provide screen shots of web sites that are examples for each of the
following organisation schemes:
a)
Topic/subject –
No comments:
Post a Comment